Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 22
Filter
1.
Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine ; : 98-98, 2021.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-922193

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND@#The COVID-19 pandemic has caused changes in people's drinking habits and the emergency management system for various diseases. However, no studies have investigated the pandemic's impact on emergency transportation for acute alcoholic intoxication. This study examines the effect of the pandemic on emergency transportation due to acute alcoholic intoxication in Kochi Prefecture, Japan, a region with high alcohol consumption.@*METHODS@#A retrospective observational study was conducted using data of 180,747 patients from the Kochi-Iryo-Net database, Kochi Prefecture's emergency medical and wide-area disaster information system. Chi-squared tests and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. The association between emergency transportation and alcoholic intoxication was examined. The differences between the number of transportations during the voluntary isolation period in Japan (March and April 2020) and the same period for 2016-2019 were measured.@*RESULTS@#In 2020, emergency transportations due to acute alcoholic intoxication declined by 0.2%, compared with previous years. Emergency transportation due to acute alcoholic intoxication decreased significantly between March and April 2020, compared with the same period in 2016-2019, even after adjusting for confounding factors (adjusted odds ratio 0.67; 95% confidence interval 0.47-0.96).@*CONCLUSIONS@#This study showed that lifestyle changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic affected the number of emergency transportations; in particular, those due to acute alcoholic intoxication decreased significantly.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Alcoholic Intoxication/epidemiology , Ambulances , COVID-19/epidemiology , Databases, Factual , Emergency Medical Dispatch/trends , Japan/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Transportation of Patients/trends
2.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 41(6): 511-517, Nov.-Dec. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1055340

ABSTRACT

Objective: To estimate the association of parental drunkenness and parenting style with alcohol consumption among adolescents and the contributions of parental drunkenness and parenting style to the prevalence of binge drinking among adolescents. Method: Cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of secondary students aged 13 to 18 from 27 Brazilian state capitals (n=17,028). Private and public schools were included. A self-report questionnaire collected data on adolescents' alcohol drinking behavior, parenting styles, and parenting and peer models of drunkenness. Results: Non-authoritative parenting style and parental drunkenness are associated with binge drinking among adolescents. Authoritarian, indulgent, and negligent parenting styles were associated with 1.50-, 2.51-, and 2.82-fold increases in prevalence of adolescent binge drinking, and parental drunkenness, with a 1.99-fold increase. The non-authoritative parenting style made a larger contribution than parental drunkenness to adolescent binge drinking. Conclusions: Non-authoritative parenting style and parental drunkenness seem to play an important role in adolescents' binge drinking behavior. At the population level, parenting style appears associated with a greater contribution to this behavior among adolescents. Prevention strategies targeting parental drunkenness may be bolstered if a broader approach including parenting styles is in place.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Parent-Child Relations , Parenting , Alcoholic Intoxication/epidemiology , Binge Drinking/epidemiology , Underage Drinking/statistics & numerical data , Risk-Taking , Authoritarianism , Brazil/epidemiology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk Factors , Adolescent Behavior , Sex Distribution
3.
Rev. cienc. med. Pinar Rio ; 23(2): 212-223, mar.-abr. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1003757

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el etanol es un agente teratógeno cuyo consumo excesivo representa un importante problema de salud a nivel mundial. Objetivo: demostrar el papel protector del ácido fólico sobre el Sistema Nervioso Central y las dimensiones craneofaciales, en un biomodelo de intoxicación alcohólica prenatal en ratas Wistar. Métodos: estudio experimental con crías de tres grupos de ratas gestantes: sin intoxicación alcohólica; con 5 ml de etanol al 40 por ciento durante la gestación y con 5 ml de etanol al 40 por ciento más 200 µg/día de ácido fólico. Se evaluó en las crías la presencia de meningocele, encefalocele y microcefalia, y se midieron las dimensiones craneofaciales. Se utilizó la comparación de proporciones para muestras independientes, la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis y se estimó una asociación de riesgo estadísticamente significativa para un intervalo de confianza del Odds-Ratio que no contenga la unidad. Resultados: la suplementación con ácido fólico en ratas gestantes con intoxicación alcohólica, evitó en las crías la aparición de encefalocele, redujo la microcefalia, la disminución del diámetro biparietal y de la distancia entre los globos oculares, sin embargo, no logró evitar totalmente los daños en el Sistema Nervioso Central, ni impedir la disminución del diámetro anteroposterior ni de la distancia poro nasal-oreja. Conclusión: el biomodelo demostró el efecto tóxico del etanol y la protección del ácido fólico sobre el Sistema Nervioso Central y algunas dimensiones craneofaciales de las crías. Una dosis superior de ácido fólico a la utilizada en el experimento, pudiera ser recomendada para lograr una mayor protección de la descendencia(AU)


Introduction: ethanol is a teratogenic agent and its excessive consumption represents a major worldwide health problem. Objective: to demonstrate the protective role of folic acid on the Central Nervous System and craniofacial dimensions in a biomodel of prenatal alcohol intoxication in Wistar rats. Methods: an experimental study with offspring of three groups of pregnant rats: without alcohol intoxication; with 5 ml of 40 percent ethanol during gestation and with 5 ml of 40 percent ethanol plus 200 µg/day of folic acid. The presence of meningocele, encephalocele and microcephaly was evaluated in the offspring and the craniofacial dimensions were measured. The comparison of proportions for independent samples, the Kruskal-Wallis test and a statistically significant risk association was estimated for an Odds-Ratio confidence interval not containing the unit. Results: supplementation with folic acid in pregnant rats with alcohol intoxication prevented the onset of encephalocele of the offspring, reduce the microcephaly, diminution of the biparietal diameter and the distance between the eyeballs, however the damage of the Central Nervous System could not completely avoided, and not prevent the reduction of the anteroposterior diameter or the nasal-ear pore distance. Conclusion: the biomodel demonstrated the toxic effect of ethanol and the protection of folic acid on the Central Nervous System and some craniofacial dimensions of the offspring. A higher dose of folic acid, than the one used in the research, could be recommended to achieve a better protection of the offspring(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Rats , Folic Acid/administration & dosage , Rats, Wistar , Alcoholic Intoxication/epidemiology
4.
Arch. Clin. Psychiatry (Impr.) ; 46(2): 44-49, Mar.-Apr. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1011145

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background Misperceptions on the higher rates of peer alcohol use are predictive of increased personal use among university students. Objectives This study aims to assess the prevalence, perceived peers' social norms and other predictors of alcohol use in a sample of Turkish university students. Methods This study is established upon the baseline Turkish data on alcohol use of the project Social Norms Intervention for the prevention of Polydrug usE (SNIPE). The data was obtained by a self-reported, online questionnaire from 858 students of Marmara University who were registered to the study web page. Results Alcohol use and drunkenness rates were 62.6%, and 40.9%, respectively. Twenty point two percent of students reported drinking alcohol at least once a week in the last two months. Majority of students (70.4%) reported that religion has an important or very important role in their lives. Perceived higher frequency of peer alcohol use (p<0.000) and drunkenness (p<0.000) were significantly associated with personal alcohol use frequency. Tobacco use rate was 60.2% and positively associated with alcohol use frequency (p<0.000). In all participants, male gender (OR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.07-2.28), giving less importance to religion (OR: 20.91; 95% CI: 10.95-39.95), tobacco use everyday/almost everyday (OR: 17.88; 95% CI: 9.33-34.29), perceived positive peer attitude towards alcohol use (OR: 2.192; 95% CI: 1.25-3.82) and perceived higher frequency of peer alcohol use (OR: 3.487; 95% CI: 1.66-7.31) were found to be associated risk factors for alcohol use. Age (OR: 1.186, CI 95%: 1.03-1.36) and perceived positive peer attitude towards alcohol use (OR: 3.86, CI 95%: 1.84-8.09) were the additional risk factors among female student whereas perceived positive peer alcohol use frequency (OR: 8.08, CI 95%: 2.40-27.10) among male students. Discussion As the first study conducted in Turkey applying social norms theory, our results indicate the noticeable misperceptions of students regarding their peers' alcohol use. Based on our results, targeting both tobacco and alcohol use, and a gender-sensitive approach employing social norms interventions may enhance the preventive strategies for risky alcohol use among university students.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Risk Factors , Social Norms , Alcohol Drinking in College , Turkey , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Prevalence , Surveys and Questionnaires , Alcoholic Intoxication/epidemiology , Alcoholism/epidemiology , Tobacco Use/epidemiology
5.
In. Appiani, Francisco José; Iermoli, Roberto. La hora de oro en la atención de las urgencia psiquiátricas. La Plata, Femeba, 2017. p.149-155.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-983106
6.
Arch. pediatr. Urug ; 87(supl.1): S40-S47, abr. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-783047

ABSTRACT

Introducción: en Uruguay el alcohol es la droga más consumida con impacto negativo en la salud estimulando conductas de riesgo. Objetivos: describir la frecuencia de consumo de alcohol en niños y adolescentes hospitalizados en el Hospital Pediátrico del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell (HP-CHPR). Conocer características del consumo, factores de riesgo y protectores. Metodología: encuesta basada en guía de detección de consumo de alcohol e intervención breve del MSP y MIDES (2013) a pacientes entre 9 a 15 años, a las 24 horas de hospitalizados en cuidados moderados, independiente del motivo de ingreso. Período: 01 de febrero de 2015 al 31 de marzo de 2015. Variables: edad, sexo, consumo, días, patrón, riesgo, percepción de repercusiones, factores de riesgo y protectores. Resultados: se incluyeron 202, edad media 12 años, 79% ³11 años. El consumo estaba presente en 9% de los <11 años y en 47% de los mayores. El consumo fue experimental en la mayoría. Se constataron 17 episodios abusivos. La mayoría niega repercusiones por el consumo. Factores protectores: educación 78 (100%), referentes 62 (79%), apoyo familiar 67 (86%).Factores de riesgo: enfermedades crónicas 26 (33%), inestabilidad emocional 30 (38,5%), violencia familiar 17 (22%), consumo intrafamiliar 62 (80%). Discusión: no hay estudios nacionales que aborden esta problemática desde el tercer nivel de atención. El alcohol es una droga socialmente aceptada y la de inicio más temprano. Al aumentar la edad aumenta el patrón abusivo. Es importante su detección en diferentes escenarios de salud con estrategias de abordaje y seguimiento.


Introduction: in Uruguay alcohol is the most abused drug with a negative impact on health that encourages risky behaviors. Objectives: to describe frequency of alcohol consumption among children and adolescents hospitalized in the Pereira Rossell Pediatric Hospital and to learn about its characteristics, impact, risks and protective factors. Methodology: a survey based on Alcohol Consumption Detection Guide and a brief intervention by the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Social Development (2013) to patients aged 9-15 years, 24 hours after being hospitalized in transitional care, regardless of the reason for admission. Period: February 1 to March 31, 2015. Variables: age, sex, alcohol use, drinking days, risk pattern, awareness of consequences, risk and protective factors. Results: 202 patients were included in the study. Average age: 12 years, 79% ³11 years. Alcohol use was present in 9% of those < 11 and in 47% of those over 11 years old. In most cases children and teenagers had just tried it. In seventeen cases, there was alcohol abuse. Most children and adolescents denied the consequences of alcohol use. Protective factors are the following: education 78 (100%); role models 62 (79%); family support 67 (86%). Risk factors: Chronic diseases 26 (33%); emotional instability 30 (38.5%); domestic violence 17 (22%); abusive domestic consumption 62 (79.5%). Discussion: there are no national studies that address this problem from the third level of care. Alcohol is a socially accepted drug. The older consumers get, the more abusive the pattern is. The importance of screening in different health scenarios is evident, and strategies to address and follow up the condition are necessary.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Child, Hospitalized , Adolescent, Hospitalized , Underage Drinking/statistics & numerical data , Uruguay/epidemiology , Tertiary Healthcare , Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Dangerous Behavior , Alcoholic Intoxication/epidemiology
7.
Rev. ANACEM (Impresa) ; 10(2): 9-13, 2016. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1291222

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El trastorno por consumo de sustancias se ha asociado a suicidio, el que constituye la segunda causa de muerte en individuos entre 15 y 29 años. Dentro de los mecanismos más comunes de suicidio, se encuentra la asfixia por ahorcamiento. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia puntual de consumo de sustancias en individuos que ingresaron al Servicio Médico Legal (SML) de Avenida La Paz #1.012, Independencia, Santiago de Chile por suicidio secundario a asfixia por ahorcamiento durante 2014-2015. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de corte transversal en individuos que ingresaron al SML entre los años 2014-2015, cuya causa de muerte correspondiera a suicidio por asfixia por ahorcamiento y que tuvieran registros de: sexo, edad, alcoholemia y examen toxicológico. Se utilizó una plantilla Excel® 2011, determinándose estadística descriptiva y análisis porcentual. Resultados: Durante los años 2014-2015, ingresaron 8.321 individuos al SML, de los cuales se seleccionaron aleatoriamente 1.218 individuos. De dicha muestra, un 11,58% correspondió a muertes secundarias a asfixia por ahorcamiento. De éstos un 74,47% eran varones. El rango etario más frecuente correspondió a los 40-49 años. Un 49,65 % tenía alcoholemia positiva en sangre y un 58,87 % examen toxicológico positivo, siendo lo más frecuente la asociación de dos o más sustancias al momento del suicidio (39,72 %). Discusión: Se observan resultados similares en relación a edad, sexo en comparación a estudios similares, no así cuando se comparan las sustancias consumidas, donde hubo mayor prevalencia de cocaína. La prevalencia de consumo de sustancias en casos de suicidios consumados es de un 58,86%.


Introduction: The disorder for consumption of substances has been associated to suicide, this constitute the second cause of death in individuals between 15 and 29 years old. Among the most common mechanisms of suicide we found asphyxia by hanging. Objective: Determine the point prevalence in the consume of substances of individuals that were admitted in the Medical Legal Service (MLS) of Avenida La Paz #1.012, Independencia, Santiago de Chile, for secondary suicide asphyxia by hanging during 2014-2015. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study in individuals admitted in MLS between 2014-2015, whose cause of death corresponded to suicide due asphyxia by hanging wich had registers of: sex, age, blood alcohol test and toxicological exam. A 2011 Excel® template was used, determining descriptive statistics and percentage analysis. Results: During the years 2014-2015, 8.321 were admitted in MLS, of which 1.218 were randomly selected. Of this sample, 11.58 % corresponded to secondary death to asphyxia by hanging. Of these, 74.47 % were male. The most frequent age range corresponds to 40-49 years. 46.65 % hadethanol in blood and 58.87 % positive toxicological test, being the most frequent the association of two or more substances at the moment of the suicide (39.72 %). Discussion: Similar results are observed in relation to age, sex compared to similar studies, but not when comparing substances consumed, where there was a higher prevalence of cocaine. The prevalence of substances consumed in cases of completed suicides is 58.86%.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Asphyxia/mortality , Suicide/statistics & numerical data , Marijuana Abuse/epidemiology , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Cocaine-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Alcoholic Intoxication/epidemiology , Suicide, Completed/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies , Depression/epidemiology , Age and Sex Distribution
8.
Epidemiol. serv. saúde ; 24(2): 227-237, Apr-Jun/2015. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-751911

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Descrever a prevalência do consumo abusivo de álcool na população brasileira, segundo características sociodemográficas e de saúde, em 2013. MÉTODOS: estudo descritivo com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS), referentes ao consumo abusivo de álcool nos 30 dias anteriores à entrevista, entre indivíduos com idade ≥18 anos. Foram estimadas as prevalências e intervalos de confiança de 95 por cento (IC95 por ento). RESULTADOS: a prevalência foi 13,7 por cento (IC95 por cento 13,1; 14,2 por cento), superior entre os homens (21,6 por cento; IC95 por cento 20,7; 22,5 por cento) em relação às mulheres (6,6 por cento; IC95 por cento 6,1; 7,1 por cento). Prevalências maiores foram observadas entre adultos jovens (18 a 29 anos de idade: 18,8 por cento; IC95 por cento 17,5; 20,0 por cento), de cor da pele preta (16,6 por cento; IC95 por cento 14,9; 18,4 por cento), fumantes ocasionais (35,2 por cento; IC95 por cento 30,4; 40,0 por cento), que avaliaram sua saúde como boa ou muito boa (15,6 por cento; IC95 por cento 14,9; 16,3 por cento), e sem morbidades referidas. CONCLUSÃO: a prevalência do consumo abusivo de álcool apresentou diferenças segundo características sociodemográficas e de saúde.


OBJETIVO: Describir la prevalencia del consumo excesivo de alcohol en la población brasileña, según características sociodemográficas y de salud, en 2013. MÉTODOS: estudio descriptivo, con datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud (PNS) sobre el consumo excesivo de alcohol en los 30 días anteriores, entre personas con edad ≥18 años. Se estimó la prevalencia e intervalos de confianza del 95 por ciento (IC95 por ciento). RESULTADOS: la prevalencia fue del 13,7 por ciento (IC del 95 por ciento: 13,1; 14,2 por ciento), más elevada en los hombres (21,6 por ciento; IC del 95 por ciento: 20,7; 22,5 por ciento) en comparación con las mujeres (6,6 por ciento; IC 95 por ciento 6,1; 7,1 por ciento), entre adultos jóvenes (18 a 29 años: 18,8 por ciento; IC del 95 por ciento: 17,5; 20,0 por ciento), de piel negra (16,6 por ciento; IC del 95 por ciento: 14,9; 18 4 por ciento), fumadores ocasionales (35,2 por ciento, IC 95 por ciento 30,4; 40,0 por ciento), que calificaron su salud como buena o muy buena (15,6 por ciento; 95 por ciento IC 14,9 por ceinto, 16,3 por ciento) y sin morbilidades. CONCLUSIÓN: la prevalencia de consumo abusivo de alcohol mostró diferencias según las características sociodemográficas y de salud.


OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of heavy drinking in the Brazilian population, according to sociodemographic and health-related characteristics, in 2013. METHODS: a descriptive study was conducted with National Health Survey (PNS) data regarding heavy drinking in the 30 days prior to interview, among individuals aged≥18 years. Prevalence and 95 per cent confidence intervals (95 per cent CI) were estimated. RESULTS: overall prevalence was 13.7 per cent (95 per cent CI 13.1; 14.2 per cent). It was higher among men (21.6 per cent; 95 per cent CI 20.7; 22.5 per cent) compared to women (6.6 per cent; 95 per cent CI 6.1; 7.1 per cent). Higher prevalence was found among young adults (18-29 years: 18.8 per cent; 95 per cent CI 17.5; 20.0 per cent), those with black skin color (16.6 per cent; 95 per cent CI 14.9; 18.4 per cent), occasional smokers (35.2 per cent; 95 per cent CI 30.4; 40.0 per cent), individuals who rated their health as good or very good (15.6 per cent; 95 per cent CI 14.9, 16.3 per cent) and with no reported morbidities. CONCLUSION: prevalence of heavy drinking showed notable differences according to sociodemographic and health-related characteristics.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Alcoholic Intoxication/epidemiology , Sociological Factors , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Health Surveys/methods
9.
West Indian med. j ; 61(9): 890-896, Dec. 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-694361

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Alcohol misuse is a relevant public health issue in Thailand. The assessment of the prevalence of alcohol use among adolescents may guide policies and programmes aimed at reducing alcohol use among this age group. METHOD: Using data from the Thailand Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) 2008, we assessed the prevalence of alcohol use and the associated factors among adolescents (n = 2758). RESULTS: Overall, the prevalence of current alcohol use was 14.8% (21.2% males and 9.3% females). Variables positively associated with the outcome in multivariable analysis among boys were older age, other substance use (smoking and illicit drug use), sex in the past 12 months, physical fighting, injury in the past 12 months; and among girls, poverty, smoking, physical fighting and lack of parental or guardian connectedness. CONCLUSION: Efforts to prevent and control alcohol misuse may need to address a cluster of risk behaviours including cigarette smoking.


OBJETIVO: El abuso del alcohol es un problema de salud pública importante en Tailandia. La valoración de la prevalencia del uso de alcohol entre los adolescentes puede guiar las políticas y programas encaminados a reducir el uso del alcohol entre este grupo etario. MÉTODO: Usando datos de la Encuesta Mundial de Salud Escolar (GSHS) 2008, efectuada en Tailandia, se evaluó la prevalencia del uso del alcohol y los factores asociados, entre los adolescentes (n = 2758). RESULTADOS: En general, la prevalencia del uso del alcohol corrientemente fue 14.8% (21.2% varones y 9.3% hembras). Las variables positivamente asociadas con el resultado del análisis multivariable entre los muchachos fueron: tener más edad, uso de otra sustancia (hábito de fumar y uso ilícito de droga), sexo en los últimos 12 meses, pelea física, lesión en los últimos 12 meses. Entre las muchachas estas variables fueron: la pobreza, el hábito de fumar, la pelea física, y la falta de relación con los padres o los tutores. CONCLUSIÓN: Los esfuerzos por prevenir y controlar el abuso del alcohol entre los adolescentes pueden llevar a la necesidad de abordar una serie de comportamientos de riesgo, incluyendo el hábito de fumar.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Alcoholic Intoxication/epidemiology , Developing Countries , Students/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies , Health Behavior , Health Surveys , Life Style , Smoking/epidemiology , Illicit Drugs , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Thailand , Unsafe Sex/statistics & numerical data
10.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 34(3): 277-285, Oct. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-656146

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To verify the frequency of positive Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) among drivers and to examine associated factors in a cross-sectional study of Brazilian state capitals. METHODS: 3,398 drivers were approached on highways crossing all 27 Brazilian capitals from 12 p.m. to 12 a.m. (Fridays and Saturdays). They were breathalyzed and data on their driving characteristics and alcohol consumption were collected. Multivariate logistic regression following a hierarchical conceptual framework was used to evaluate associated factors. RESULTS: The overall weighted prevalence of positive BAC (> 0.1 mg/L) was 4.2%. The multivariate analysis showed that education up to 8 years (OR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.4-3.0), age > 30 years (OR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.8-3.8), type of vehicle (cars: OR = 3.0; 95% CI: 1.7-5.1; motorcycles: OR = 3.7; 95% CI: 2.1-6.4), binge drinking (OR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.3-2.4), having been breathalyzed before (OR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.8-3.7), and purpose of the trip (coming from a party: OR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.3-3.0; leisure trip: OR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.32.4; driving after 8 p.m.: OR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.3-2.3) were independently associated with DUI. CONCLUSION: Study findings suggest that selected external environmental factors, such as socioeconomic and demographic characteristics as well as personal characteristics like alcohol consumption and the relationship between drinking and driving were associated with positive BAC among Brazilian drivers. Results can help to inform drinking and driving policy and preventive approaches.


OBJETIVO: Verificar a frequência de alcoolemia positiva entre os motoristas e examinar fatores associados em um estudo transversal nas capitais brasileiras. MÉTODOS: 3.398 motoristas foram abordados em rodovias que atravessam todas as 27 capitais brasileiras nos horários entre 12:00 e 00:00 (sextas e sábados). Eles realizaram o teste do etilômetro e foram coletados dados sobre suas características de condução e consumo de álcool. Para avaliar os fatores associados, foi realizada uma regressão logística multivariável seguindo um quadro conceitual hierárquico. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de alcoolemia positiva (> 0,1 mg/L) foi de 4,2%. A regressão logística múltipla mostrou que educação (até 8 anos de estudo: OR = 2,0; IC 95%: 1,4-3,0), idade (> 30 anos: OR = 2,6; IC 95%: 1,8-3,8), tipo de veículo (dirigir um carro: OR = 3,0; IC 95%: 1,7-5,1; conduzir uma motocicleta: OR = 3,7; IC 95%: 2,1-6,4), consumo excessivo de álcool (OR = 1,7; IC 95%: 1,3-2,4), ter realizado o teste do etilômetro anteriormente (OR = 2,6; IC 95%: 1,8-3,7), e a finalidade da viagem (retorno de uma festa: OR = 1,9; IC 95%:1,3-3,0; viagem de lazer: OR = 1,7; IC 95%: 1,3-2,4; e estar dirigindo após as 20 horas: OR = 1,7; IC 95%: 1,3-2,3) foram independentemente associados com o dirigir sob influência de álcool. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados sugerem que fatores ambientais externos selecionados, tais como características socioeconômicas e demográficas, bem como características pessoais, como o consumo de álcool e comportamento em relação a beber e dirigir, foram associados com alcoolemia positiva entre os motoristas brasileiros. Os resultados podem ajudar a orientar políticas em relação a beber e dirigir e abordagens preventivas.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Accidents, Traffic/prevention & control , Alcohol Drinking/blood , Alcoholic Intoxication/blood , Automobile Driving , Accidents, Traffic/trends , Age Factors , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Alcohol Drinking/legislation & jurisprudence , Alcohol Drinking/prevention & control , Alcoholic Intoxication/epidemiology , Automobile Driving/legislation & jurisprudence , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors
11.
Journal of Forensic Medicine ; (6): 200-204, 2011.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-983652

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE@#To provide references for forensic expertise by investigating the kinds of toxicant, routes of exposure and manners of poisoning deaths, etc.@*METHODS@#Six hundred and seven autopsy cases of poisoning deaths from 1957 to 2008 in Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College (Tongji Forensic Science Identification Center of Hubei), were comparatively reviewed.@*RESULTS@#In 218 cases from 1999 to 2008, more than 50% of decedents were male in the ages of 30-49. The toxicants are usually taken orally and the most common manner of death was accidental. The common substances involved in poisoning death were rodenticide, poisoning gas and insecticide. Compared to the data of 1983-1998 and 1957-1982, the common toxic agents had changed significantly. The number of cases involving insecticide and cyanide poisoning decreased in recent years, and the number of cases of rodenticide, poisoning gas, alcohols poisoning displayed an increase tendency, especially for drugs abuse.@*CONCLUSION@#Poisoning deaths of pesticides remain a major public health problem for a long time and the awareness of prevention need to be raised, especially for the prevention of deaths from multiple poisons.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Accidents/statistics & numerical data , Age Distribution , Alcoholic Intoxication/epidemiology , Anesthetics/poisoning , Autopsy , Carbon Monoxide Poisoning/epidemiology , Cause of Death , China/epidemiology , Forensic Medicine , Heroin/poisoning , Hypnotics and Sedatives/poisoning , Pesticides/poisoning , Poisoning/etiology , Retrospective Studies , Rodenticides/poisoning , Sex Distribution , Suicide/statistics & numerical data
12.
Journal of Korean Medical Science ; : 431-437, 2011.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-52128

ABSTRACT

Alcohol is frequently a factor affecting emergency department patients, and alcohol consumption is more common among those who are injured. In Korea, the socioeconomic impact of alcohol has been enormous because of traditional permissive attitudes toward alcohol. Juvenile drinking has increased recently; consequently, an increase in alcohol-related injuries is likely in this population. Therefore, we compared the characteristics and severity of alcohol-related injuries in adolescents and adults. All injured patients seen at six EDs throughout 2007 were included. We obtained data from the 'Development of a model for an in-depth injury surveillance system based on the emergency department' surveillance. The proportion of adolescents who drank was 5.0%. No significant alcohol-related difference in injuries was found between male and female adolescents (P = 0.14), whereas in adults, being male was strongly related to alcohol consumption (P < 0.001). Among traffic accidents, motorcycle-related injuries were strongly associated with alcohol use in adolescents (odds ratio [OR] 2.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09-5.83). Results also indicated that alcohol-related injuries in adolescents showed poor outcomes (OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.47-3.81) as compared with those in adults (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.26-1.59). Preventive strategy on alcohol-related injuries in adolescents should focus on reducing motorcycle accidents.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Accidents, Traffic , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Alcohol-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Alcoholic Intoxication/epidemiology , Emergency Medical Services , Motorcycles , Republic of Korea , Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology
13.
Rev. saúde pública ; 43(5): 891-894, out. 2009. graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-529054

ABSTRACT

Com o objetivo de analisar a proporção de adultos que dirigem alcoolizados nas capitais brasileiras e no Distrito Federal após instituição da Lei nº 11.705 foram analisados dados do sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (VIGITEL). Em 2008, 1,5 por cento dos indivíduos entrevistados referiram em pelo menos uma ocasião ter conduzido veículo motorizado após consumo abusivo de bebida alcoólica. A freqüência de adultos que dirigiram após o consumo abusivo se manteve entre 1,8 por cento e 2,2 por cento nos oito meses anteriores à Lei, caindo no mês seqüente à promulgação da mesma, voltando a crescer dois meses depois, atingindo o máximo de 2,6 por cento ao final de 2008 e retornando aos níveis iniciais nos primeiros meses de 2009.


The present study aimed to analyze the proportion of adults who drive under the influence of alcohol in the Brazilian capitals and in the Federal District, after Law 11,705 was established. Data from the Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico System (VIGITEL - Surveillance System of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Interview) were analyzed. In 2008, 1.5 percent of individuals interviewed reported having driven a motor vehicle after binge drinking in at least one occasion. The frequency of adults who drove after binge drinking remained between 1.8 percent and 2.2 percent in the eight months preceding the Law, decreased in the month following its establishment, and increased again two months later, reaching a maximum of 2.6 percent by the end of 2008 and returning to the initial levels in the first months of 2009.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data , Alcoholic Intoxication/epidemiology , Automobile Driving/statistics & numerical data , Ethanol/poisoning , Automobile Driving/legislation & jurisprudence , Brazil/epidemiology , Sex Factors , Young Adult
14.
Rev. saúde pública ; 43(5): 743-749, out. 2009. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-529059

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Analisar as situações de violência domiciliar ocorridas com o agressor sob efeito do álcool. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um levantamento domiciliar que incluiu as 108 cidades brasileiras com mais de 200 mil habitantes em 2005. A amostragem foi por conglomerados, estratificada, probabilística e autoponderada, obtida em três estágios de seleção: setores censitários, domicílios e respondentes (população entre 12-65 anos de idade). O instrumento utilizado para obtenção dos dados foi o Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, com perguntas sobre dados sociodemográficos e uso de drogas psicotrópicas. RESULTADOS: Foram pesquisados 7.939 domicílios. Em 33,5 por cento foi relatado histórico de violência domiciliar, sendo 17,1 por cento com agressores alcoolizados. Os tipos de violência em associação com uso de álcool mais freqüentes foram: discussões direcionadas a pessoas do domicílio (81,8 por cento), escândalos não direcionados a alguém específico (70,9 por cento), ameaça de agressão física (39,5 por cento) e de quebra de objetos (38,7 por cento), agressões físicas (27,8 por cento), com armas (5,5 por cento) e abuso sexual (3,2 por cento). Mais da metade dos agressores era morador do domicílio, 88,8 por cento deles do sexo masculino. A maioria das vítimas era do sexo feminino (63,9 por cento); 33,9 por cento eram esposas e 18,2 por cento filhos. Quanto às reincidências, 14,1 por cento dos casos perduraram por período entre um a cinco anos e em 14,3 por cento ultrapassaram uma década. A maior parte das vítimas (86 por cento) e dos agressores (77,9 por cento) não procurou por ajuda em serviço de saúde e/ou delegacia. CONCLUSÕES: Além da alta proporção de domicílios brasileiros com histórico de violência com agressores alcoolizados, as agressões apresentaram várias especificidades. A baixa procura por ajuda em serviços de saúde/segurança indica a importância da detecção ativa de casos de violência domiciliar.


OBJECTIVE: To describe situations of domestic violence committed by perpetrators under the influence of alcohol in the largest Brazilian cities. METHODS: A household survey was carried out in the 108 Brazilian cities with more than 200,000 inhabitants in 2005. A multistage probabilistic self-weighted sample stratified in terms of conglomerate units was performed in three selection stages: census tracts, households, and respondents (population between 12 and 65 years old). The instrument to collect the data was the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, with questions on sociodemographics and psychotropic drug abuse.. RESULTS: The survey encompassed 7,939 households. In 33.5 percent of them there were reports of domestic violence, 17.1 percent out of which involving intoxicated perpetrators. The most frequently reported types of violence associated with the use of alcohol were: arguments among the people in the household (81,8 percent), loud arguments not aimed at a specific person (70.9 percent), threats of assault (39.5 percent), and breaking households objects (38.7 percent). The respondents also reported physical assault (27.8 percent), physical assault with weapon (5.5 percent), and sexual abuse (3.2 percent). More than half of perpetrators lived in the household and 88.8 percent were male. Most of the victims were female (63.9 percent); 33.9 percent were wives and 18.2 percent were children. In terms of recidivism, 14.1 percent of the cases lasted for a period between 1 and 5 years, and in 14.3 percent they lasted for over a decade. Most of the victims (86 percent) and perpetrators (77.9 percent) did not look for the help of either the health services or the police. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to the considerable number of Brazilian households with a history of violence involving intoxicated abusers, this kind of abuse has many specific characteristics. The low rate for the search for help at the health services/police ...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Aggression , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Alcoholic Intoxication/epidemiology , Domestic Violence/statistics & numerical data , Aggression/psychology , Alcohol Drinking/psychology , Alcoholic Intoxication/psychology , Brazil/epidemiology , Family Health , Family Relations , Health Surveys , Socioeconomic Factors , Young Adult
15.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 29(3): 222-227, set. 2007. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-461520

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between age of onset, alcohol consumption patterns and related problems. METHOD: In 2004, one self-administered questionnaire was completed by 1,990 students from the 5th to 11th grades of schools in Paulínia-SP. Data collection was conducted at the classroom without the presence of the teacher. The participation in the study was voluntary and anonymous. RESULTS: Prevalence of lifetime alcohol use was 62.2 percent. The mean age of first use of alcohol was 12.35 (sd = 2.72) and ranged between 5 and 19 years of age. In 78 percent of the cases, the first use occurred before the age of 15, and more than 22 percent of the students reported having tried alcohol before 10 years of age. There were significant differences regarding current pattern of use: those who started earlier consumed more drinks per occasion (p = 0.013) and had more drunkenness episodes in the last 30 days (p = 0.05). A relationship between the age of first alcohol use and the use of tobacco (p = 0.017) and other drugs (p = 0.047) was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents first use alcohol in early ages, what impacts the current consumption patterns. This study emphasizes the need of actions regarding public alcohol policies in Brazil in order to prevent or delay the initiation of alcohol use and its related problems.


OBJETIVOS: Investigar a relação entre idade de início de uso de álcool, padrão de consumo e problemas relacionados. MÉTODO: Em 2004, um questionário de autopreenchimento foi respondido por 1.990 alunos de 5ª série do ensino fundamental a 3ª série do ensino médio do município de Paulínia-SP. A coleta de dados foi realizada em sala de aula, sem a presença do professor. A participação no estudo era voluntária e anônima. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de uso de álcool na vida foi de 62,2 por cento. A média de idade de primeiro uso de álcool foi de 12,35 (sd = 2,72), variando entre 5 e 19 anos. Em 78 por cento dos casos, o primeiro uso de álcool ocorreu antes dos 15 anos, sendo que mais de 22 por cento dos adolescentes relataram que experimentaram bebida alcoólica antes dos 10 anos. Houve diferenças significantes para padrão de consumo atual: aqueles que começaram mais cedo consumiram mais doses por ocasião (p = 0,013) e tiveram mais episódios de embriaguez nos últimos 30 dias (p = 0,05). Houve associação entre a idade de experimentação do álcool e o uso de tabaco (p = 0,017) e outras drogas (p = 0,047). CONCLUSÕES: Jovens experimentam álcool em idade precoce e isto tem impacto no padrão de consumo atual. Esse artigo enfatiza a necessidade de ações imediatas em relação às políticas públicas do álcool no Brasil para prevenir ou adiar o início do consumo de álcool e problemas relacionados.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Alcohol Drinking/psychology , Alcohol-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Age of Onset , Alcohol-Related Disorders/complications , Alcohol-Related Disorders/prevention & control , Alcoholic Beverages/adverse effects , Alcoholic Intoxication/epidemiology , Alcoholism/epidemiology , Alcoholism/prevention & control , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Public Policy , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk Factors , Smoking/epidemiology , Students/psychology , Students/statistics & numerical data
16.
São Paulo; s.n; 2005. [102] p. tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-405144

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Descrever a prevalência de comportamentos de risco à saúde entre estudantes de graduação da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná – PUCPR e estudar a associação entre uso intenso de álcool e outros comportamentos de risco à saúde praticados pelos estudantes. Métodos: Os dados foram obtidos por meio de um estudo transversal em uma amostra de estudantes de /Objectives: to describe the prevalence of health risk behaviors among College students from Catholic University of Paraná State – PUCPR and study the association between intense use of alcohol and other health risk behaviors adopted by students. Methods: data were collected by means of a cross-sectional study in a college students sample...


Subject(s)
Adult , Alcoholic Intoxication/epidemiology , Risk-Taking , Alcohol-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Students , Alcohol-Related Disorders/prevention & control , Universities
17.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Fac. Med. Univ. Säo Paulo ; 59(4): 187-192, Aug. 2004. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-365540

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Estudar o impacto das fases de intoxicação e de abstinência do uso de álcool sobre o curso da fobia social e do transtorno de pânico. MÉTODO: Um grupo de 41 pacientes hospitalizados por dependência de álcool foi entrevistado com o SCID-I (DSM-IV), adicionado de perguntas para detectar as flutuações no curso da fobia social e do transtorno do pânico em função das diferentes fases do uso da droga (intoxicação, abstinência e intervalo lúcido). RESULTADOS: Apenas um (2,4%) paciente, apresentou transtorno de pânico ao longo da vida e nove (21.9%) tiveram ataques de pânico na intoxicação ou na síndrome de abstinência. Dezesseis (39%) pacientes dependentes de álcool apresentavam fobia social, que iniciava-se antes de começar o uso de bebidas alcoólicas. No entanto, com o tempo, o álcool perdeu o efeito de aliviar os sintomas da fobia social ou piorou estes sintomas em 31.2% dos pacientes fóbicos sociais. Enquanto os pacientes com fobia social relataram uma melhora significativa dos sintomas psiquiátricos na fase de intoxicação, os pacientes com pânico pioraram significativamente na fase de intoxicação. Na fase de abstinência, os pacientes com fobia social tenderam a piorar com maior freqüência. CONCLUSAO: Nossos achados indicam que o impacto do álcool, na intoxicação, é diferente na fobia social, quando comparado com o pânico, diminuindo os sintomas fóbicos sociais a princípio e agravando-os posteriormente. No transtorno de pânico, o impacto da intoxicação pelo álcool é mais deletério, ao menos a curto prazo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Alcoholic Intoxication/epidemiology , Panic Disorder/epidemiology , Phobic Disorders/epidemiology , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/psychology , Age of Onset , Alcoholic Intoxication/psychology , Brazil/epidemiology , Comorbidity , Cocaine-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Marijuana Abuse/epidemiology , Panic Disorder/physiopathology , Phobic Disorders/physiopathology , Socioeconomic Factors , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/epidemiology
18.
Rev. méd. Paraná ; 58(1): 72-80, jan.-jun. 2000. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-277615

ABSTRACT

O presente estudo procura estabelecer um perfil da intoxicaçäo alcoólica em vítimas fatais de acidente de trânsito. Um total de 63 vítimas dentre 103 vítimas fatais de acidentes de trânsito ocorridos em setembro e outubro de 1995, em Curitiba foram analisadas quanto ao sexo, idade, posiçäo do veículo, uso de meios de proteçäo obrigatórios, horários e tipos dos acidentes. Considerou-se como dosagens alcoólicas positivas aquelas maiores ou iguais a 0,5 mg de álcool por decilitro de sangue, pelo método de cromatografia gasosa. A incidência de vítimas alcolizadas foi de 42,85 por cento e a dosagem alcoólica média foi de 2,26 =- 1,05 mg/dl de sangue. Foi observada a predominância de vítimas alcoolizadas em acidentes ocorridos no período noturno (58,07 por cento) de forma estatisticamente significativa. Verificou-se preponderância do sexo masculino em relaçäo ao feminino de 3/1, idade média de 33,4 +- 11,9 anos. Das vítimas alcoolizadas 45,3 por cento eram motoristas, e 81,8 por cento näo usavam cinto de segurança ou capacete. A proporçäo de vítimas alcoolizadas dentre os atropelados (43,5 por cento) era maior que a dos outros acidentes (39,5 por cento) (p=0,7). Este trabalho conclui que é grande a incidência da intoxicaçäo alcoólica relacionada a acidentes de trânsito com vítimas fatais, a maioria no período noturno, atingindo principalmente motoristas adultos jovens do sexo masculino, que näo faziam uso de meios de proteçäo, tanto em vítimas de colisöes como nos atropelamentos em proporçöes semelhantes


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Accidents, Traffic , Alcoholic Intoxication/blood , Incidence , Chromatography, Gas , Seat Belts , Head Protective Devices , Alcoholic Intoxication/epidemiology
20.
Rev. HPS ; 40(1): 12-8, jan.-dez. 1994. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-155222

ABSTRACT

Um estudo transversal foi realizado no Hospital de Pronto Socorro de Porto Alegre com o objetivo de analisar a prevalencia de intoxicacao aguda e problemas cronicos pela ingestao de alcool. Foi avaliado cada setimo paciente, sete dias consecutivos, vinte quatro horas por dia. Dados demograficos e clinicos eram obtidos, o Teste Cage aplicado. A alcoolemia era estimada pelo alcoolimetro edosada no sangue. A amostra foi de 356 pacientes, predominando homens em torno de 30 anos de idade. A prevalencia de aloolismo estimada pelo Teste CAGE foi 15,2 por cento . A alcoolemia foi positiva em 16,5 por cento dos pacientes. Foi encontrada prevalencia de 70,5 por cento de intoxicacao aguda, 50 por cento tambem apresentaram problemas cronicos. As altas prevalencias encontradas neste estudo ressaltam a necessidade de uma adequada triagem e encaminhamento desses casos


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Alcoholism/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Alcoholic Intoxication/epidemiology
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL